The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.